Tax types
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Introduction
This set of resources provides opportunities for students to learn about some of the main types of taxes that the Australian Government levies. They also calculate the average rate of tax to determine whether different taxes are progressive, proportional or regressive and display their findings graphically.
Achievement standard
By the end of Year 9, students recognise and use rational and irrational numbers to solve problems. They extend and apply the exponent laws with positive integers to variables. Students expand binomial products, and factorise monic quadratic expressions. They find the distance between 2 points on the Cartesian plane, and the gradient and midpoint of a line segment. Students use mathematical modelling to solve problems involving change in financial and other applied contexts, choosing to use linear and quadratic functions. They graph quadratic functions and solve monic quadratic equations with integer roots algebraically. Students describe the effects of variation of parameters on functions and relations, using digital tools, and make connections between their graphical and algebraic representations.
They apply formulas to solve problems involving the surface area and volume of right prisms and cylinders. Students solve problems involving ratio, similarity and scale in two-dimensional situations. They determine percentage errors in measurements. Students apply Pythagoras’ theorem and use trigonometric ratios to solve problems involving right-angled triangles. They use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving direct proportion, ratio and scale, evaluating the model and communicating their methods and findings. Students express small and large numbers in scientific notation. They apply the enlargement transformation to images of shapes and objects, and interpret results. Students design, use and test algorithms based on geometric constructions or theorems.
They compare and analyse the distributions of multiple numerical data sets, choose representations, describe features of these data sets using summary statistics and the shape of distributions, and consider the effect of outliers. Students explain how sampling techniques and representation can be used to support or question conclusions or to promote a point of view. They determine sets of outcomes for compound events and represent these in various ways. Students assign probabilities to the outcomes of compound events. They design and conduct experiments or simulations for combined events using digital tools.
Content descriptions
Use mathematical modelling to solve applied problems involving change including financial contexts; formulate problems, choosing to use either linear or quadratic functions; interpret solutions in terms of the situation; evaluate the model and report methods and findings (AC9M9A05).
Use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving direct proportion, rates, ratio and scale, including financial contexts; formulate the problems and interpret solutions in terms of the situation; evaluate the model and report methods and findings (AC9M9M05).
Teacher resources
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Who pays tax?
What type of tax is this?
Student learning resources
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Types of tax
What type of tax is this?
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Suggested activity sequence
This sequence is intended as a framework to be modified and adapted by teachers to suit the needs of a class group.
Part A: What taxes do we pay?
- Introduce the topic by playing: Who pays taxes? – Video.
- Use a grouping strategy to organise students in groups of 3 or 4.
- As a class, read the explainer and discuss the question: How do tax structures impact different members of society?
Part B: Calculating tax rates.
As a class, read the instructions on the worksheet and use the visualiser to explicitly teach content.
- Students work individually or in pairs on the worksheet tasks.
- Once students have completed the tasks, discuss their findings with the whole class (refer to the solutions).