Table 1: Changes to the personal income tax system
| Taxable income range (2011-12) | Tax rate | Taxable income range (2016-17) | Tax rate | Taxable income range (2019-20) | Tax rate | Taxable income range (2024-25) | Tax rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 - $6,000 | 0% | 0 -$18,200 | 0% | 0 - $18,000 | 0% | 0 - $18,000 | 0% |
| $6,001 - $37,000 | 15% | $18,001 - $37,000 | 19% | $18,001 - $37,000 | 19% | $18,001 - $45,000 | 16% |
| $37,001 - $80,000 | 30% | $37,001 - $87,000 | 32.5% | $37,001 - $90,000 | 32.5% | $45,001 - $135,000 | 30% |
| $80,001 - $180,000 | 37% | $87,001 - $180,000 | 37% | $90,001 - $180,000 | 37% | $135,001 - $190,000 | 37% |
| $180,000 + | 45% | $180,001 + | 45% | $180,001 + | 45% | $190,001 + | 45% |
Table 2: The tax rate applied to different incomes in 2012 compared with 2017
| Income | Tax payable | Difference in tax paid | Percentage decrease | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | 2017 | |||
| $18,000 | $1,800 | 0 | $1,800 | 100% |
| $35,000 | $4,350 | $3,192 | $1,158 | 26.62% |
| $50,000 | $8,550 | $7,797 | $753 | 8.81% |
| $85,000 | $19,400 | $19,172 | $228 | 1.18% |
| $100,000 | $24,950 | $24,632 | $318 | 1.27% |
| $150,000 | $43,450 | $43,132 | $318 | 0.73% |
| $180,000 | $54,550 | $54,232 | $318 | 0.58% |
| $250,000 | $86,050 | $85,732 | $318 | 0.37% |
Table 3: Summary of 2022–24 expenses – social welfare payments
| Type of Assistance | 2022–23 $m | 2023–24 $m |
|---|---|---|
| Assistance to the aged | $82,946 | $94,849 |
| Assistance to veterans and dependents | $8,105 | $11,002 |
| Assistance to people with disabilities | $69,126 | $78,996 |
| Assistance to families with children | $38,399 | $44,107 |
| Assistance to the unemployed and the sick | $14,006 | $14,859 |
| Other welfare programs | $2,370 | $1,622 |
| Assistance to Indigenous Australians | $2,735 | $2,853 |
| General administration | $5,224 | $4,896 |
| Total social security and welfare | $222,911 | $253,184 |
Source: Australian Government Final Budget Outcome 2023-24.
Table 4: Contribution of government pensions and allowances to gross household income 2019–20
| Contribution of government payments to household income | % |
|---|---|
| Nil or less than 1% | 58% |
| 1% to less than 20% | 11.5% |
| 20% to less than 50% | 8.1% |
| 50% to less than 90% | 7% |
| 90% and over | 14.8% |
| Total | 100.0% |
Source: ABS - Household Income and Wealth, Australia, 2019-20.
Table 5: Gross weekly household income by quintile[1] (2019–20)
| Income source and taxes | Lowest | Second | Third | Fourth | Highest | Average |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Private income | $132 | $732 | $1,599 | $2,631 | $5,465 | $2,112 |
| Government pensions and allowances | $349 | $349 | $194 | $125 | $76 | $217 |
| Gross income | $481 | $1,081 | $1,791 | $2,753 | $5,539 | $2,329 |
| Taxes on income | $4 | $66 | $231 | $472 | $1,428 | $440 |
| Disposable income | $477 | $1,015 | $1,560 | $2,281 | $4,111 | $1,889 |
Source: ABS - Household Income and Wealth, Australia, 2019-20.
[1] To analyse the way that income is shared across households in Australia, households are ranked from lowest to highest income or wealth and then divided into 5 equal groups with 20% of the population in each group (quintiles).
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